Pain was once considered chronic if it lasted for more than three months and exceeded the body’s natural healing process.  There has recently been significant discussion about the histological time frame of chronicity, because cells that were thought to be involved in chronic inflammation have now been found much earlier (Watson, 2015).    Chronic pain in the low back may initially result from physical structures such as: Disc problems Joint problems Irritation of the nerve root But is then maintained (and on occasion made worse) by how the brain processes things.   This does not mean it is all in a...

  Trigger Point Therapy Treatment for Spondylolisthesis    Spondylolisthesis is a fracture and slippage of a spinal vertebra (usually lower lumbar). It can develop for a range of reasons and can vary in severity. The majority fall into one of two categories - Traumatic or Degenerative. Whatever the underlying reason, the result is that the vertebrae literally slip either forward on the one below (Anterolysthesis) or backwards (Retrolysthesis). This can sometimes be felt as a palpable ‘step’ as you run your fingers down the patient's spine. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Usually due to aging, a degenerative spondylolisthesis happens where the spine’s support system...