Treatment Guides

Hamstring Strain Rehabilitation
Hamstring Tendinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Condition Overview Hamstring tendinopathy describes a degenerative, overload-related condition affecting the hamstring tendon complex—most frequently the proximal hamstring tendon where it anchors to the ischial tuberosity. Unlike an acute hamstring... Read more...
Treating Piriformis Syndrome
Piriformis Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Piriformis Syndrome: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Piriformis syndrome refers to irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve as it passes beneath, through, or occasionally above the piriformis muscle... Read more...
Iliopsoas Stretching
Iliopsoas Tendinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Iliopsoas Tendinopathy: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Iliopsoas tendinopathy refers to irritation, degeneration, or overload of the iliopsoas tendon as it crosses the anterior hip. Because of its deep... Read more...
Whiplash Continuing Education for Massage Therapists
Whiplash-Associated Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Whiplash-Associated Disorder (WAD): Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) refers to the range of symptoms that develop following an acceleration–deceleration injury to the neck. The classic mechanism... Read more...
Herniated Disc Treatment
Herniated Lumbar Disc: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Condition Overview A herniated lumbar disc occurs when part of the intervertebral disc’s nucleus pulposus pushes through a weakened or torn annulus fibrosus, often compressing or chemically irritating nearby nerve... Read more...
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is an umbrella term describing a group of conditions in which the neurovascular structures that pass from... Read more...
Wrist Sprain Continuing Education for Physical Therapists
Wrist Sprain: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Wrist Sprain: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview A wrist sprain refers to an overstretching or tearing of one or more of the ligaments that stabilise the carpal bones and... Read more...
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an overuse-related inflammatory and mechanical irritation of the tendons that travel through the first dorsal compartment of... Read more...
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Continuing Education
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a compressive neuropathy of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel—a narrow passageway... Read more...
Deltoid Strain Continuing Education for Massage
Deltoid Strain: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Deltoid Strain: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview A deltoid strain refers to an injury of the deltoid muscle fibres, typically resulting from sudden overload, eccentric stress, or repetitive high-intensity... Read more...
Golfers Elbow Treatment
Medial Epicondylalgia (Golfer’s Elbow): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Medial Epicondylalgia (Golfer’s Elbow): Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Medial epicondylalgia—commonly known as golfer’s elbow—is a tendinopathy affecting the flexor–pronator muscle group where it attaches to the medial epicondyle... Read more...
Pitchers Elbow
Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Injury: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Injury: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) injury—sometimes referred to as “pitcher’s elbow”—is a destabilizing injury to the primary ligament complex on... Read more...
Tennis Elbow Treatment
Lateral Epicondylalgia (Tennis Elbow): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Lateral Epicondylalgia (Tennis Elbow): Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Lateral epicondylalgia—often called tennis elbow—is a common, sometimes stubborn condition affecting the tendinous origin of the wrist extensor muscles, particularly... Read more...
Triceps Tendinopathy
Triceps Tendinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation for Therapists
Triceps Tendinopathy: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Triceps tendinopathy is a relatively uncommon but clinically important cause of posterior elbow pain, involving degenerative and overload-related changes at the triceps... Read more...
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture: Symptoms, Mechanisms, Treatment Options, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview A distal biceps tendon rupture is a significant injury involving partial or complete tearing of the tendon where it attaches... Read more...
Elbow Dislocation Treatment
Elbow Dislocation: Symptoms, Mechanisms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation for Massage & Manual Therapists
Elbow Dislocation: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview Elbow dislocation occurs when the ulna and radius are forcibly displaced from their articulation with the distal humerus. It is a dramatic... Read more...
Humeral Shaft Fracture:
Humeral Shaft Fracture: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation for Massage & Manual Therapists
Humeral Shaft Fracture: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview A humeral shaft fracture refers to a break occurring along the long, central portion of the upper arm bone—between the surgical... Read more...
Proximal Humerus Fracture
Proximal Humerus Fracture: Symptoms, Mechanisms, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Rehabilitation for Massage & Manual Therapists
Proximal Humerus Fracture: Overview and Evidence Summary Condition Overview A proximal humerus fracture is an injury involving the upper segment of the humerus near the shoulder joint, typically affecting the... Read more...